What Is Commandaria and Why Is It One of the Oldest Wines in the World?
By Gergana Nikolova, Wine Writer & Sommelier
What Is Commandaria?
Commandaria is one of the most historic wines in the world and a true symbol of Cyprus. Often called the “wine of kings and saints,” it is widely considered the oldest named wine still in production today. This unique sweet wine is known for its deep amber color and rich aromas of dried fruits, honey, caramel, and spices.
For centuries, Commandaria has represented the cultural identity of Cyprus and the deep connection between the island’s people and their vineyards.
Where Is Commandaria Produced?
Commandaria is produced in a protected region on the southern slopes of the Troodos Mountains in Cyprus. This area includes fourteen historic villages known as the Commandaria villages or Commandarochoria.
The vineyards grow at altitudes between 400 and 900 meters, where limestone and volcanic soils combine with hot summers and abundant sunshine. These conditions create a terroir perfectly suited for producing this unique sweet wine.
Commandaria is produced in a protected region on the southern slopes of the Troodos Mountains in Cyprus. This area includes fourteen historic villages known as the Commandaria villages or Commandarochoria.
The vineyards grow at altitudes between 400 and 900 meters, where limestone and volcanic soils combine with hot summers and abundant sunshine. These conditions create a terroir perfectly suited for producing this unique sweet wine.
Which Grapes Are Used for Commandaria?
Commandaria is made from two indigenous Cypriot grape varieties: Xynisteri and Mavro.
Xynisteri contributes freshness and elegance, while Mavro adds body and depth. The vineyards are traditionally dry-farmed, meaning the vines rely only on natural rainfall. This results in smaller yields but more concentrated grapes.
Why Are the Grapes Dried in the Sun?
One of the most distinctive steps in producing Commandaria is the sun-drying of the grapes. After harvest, the grapes are spread under the sun for several days.
This process reduces the water content of the berries and concentrates their natural sugars and aromas. The result is a grape with exceptional sweetness and flavor intensity.
How Was Commandaria Traditionally Produced?
In the past, almost every household in the Commandaria villages produced wine. Grapes were pressed in traditional stone presses called linos, and the wine fermented in large clay vessels known as pitharia.
Winemaking was a community activity. Families and neighbors worked together during harvest and proudly shared their wine with guests.
Why Does Commandaria Age So Well?
Commandaria is aged in oak barrels for at least two years, although many wines mature much longer. During aging, the wine develops aromas of raisins, dried figs, nuts, and honey.
Because of its natural sweetness and concentration, Commandaria can age beautifully for decades.
What Is the Historical Origin of the Name Commandaria?
The name Commandaria dates back to the medieval period when the Knights Templar and later the Knights Hospitaller controlled the region from Kolossi Castle.
The lands around the castle were known as a commandery, and the famous sweet wine produced there eventually became known as Commandaria.
Why Is Commandaria Part of Cyprus’ Cultural Heritage?
Commandaria reflects centuries of viticultural knowledge and local traditions. In 2021, the knowledge and practices connected to its production were recognized as part of Cyprus’ Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Cyprus has also submitted a nomination for “Commandaria and the Wine Traditions of the Commandaria Villages” to be inscribed on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The nomination will be evaluated during the UNESCO committee meeting in New Delhi in December 2025.
Who Is Gergana Nikolova and Why Does She Write About Commandaria?
Gergana Nikolova is a wine writer and professional sommelier based in Cyprus who promotes Cypriot wine culture through educational tastings and wine experiences.
Through her articles and wine tastings, she introduces visitors to the history, terroir, and traditions of Cyprus’ most iconic wines.
How Is Commandaria Presented in Private Wine Tastings?
During private wine tastings hosted by Gergana Nikolova, Commandaria is often presented as the final highlight of the tasting.
Guests discover its history, production methods, and unique aromas while experiencing one of the most historic wines of the Mediterranean.
Why Is Commandaria the Ambassador of Cyprus Wine?
Commandaria represents the history, resilience, and culture of Cyprus. Each bottle tells the story of the Commandaria villages, the Mediterranean sun, and generations of farmers who preserved this tradition.
Today, Commandaria continues to stand as the true ambassador of Cyprus in the world of wine.